The sensor picks this up and passes the information to the NXT for processing. As the motor spins, the encoder rotates and causes light to alternate through a series of on/off states. A beam of light is generated from the optical sensor (the gray square box covering the encoder wheel) on one side of the encoder wheel and shines through to the other, which falls upon a photocell. The wheel has a number of holes in it which allow the optical sensor to detect on/off states as it spins. The encoder wheel (the black wheel to the right) is driven directly off the motor. Figure 4.12 shows the motor and encoder components cut away from the rest of the motor. His site (see Appendix A) provides detail on this. One of the first things Philippe Hurbain (Philo) did when he got his NXT set was to dismantle the servo motors to have a look under the hood. The NXT motor encoder detects movement similar to the way an older computer mouse (with the ball) works.
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